Bitcoin<\/strong> relies on the ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) asymmetric encryption algorithm to secure transactions and protect users’ private keys. This technology, considered unbreakable by classical computers, could be compromised by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer<\/strong>. Shor’s algorithm, specifically designed for quantum computing, would theoretically solve the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem in significantly reduced time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In concrete terms, a quantum computer equipped with several million stable qubits<\/strong> could derive a private key from an exposed public key. This vulnerability particularly concerns reused Bitcoin<\/a> addresses<\/strong> or those that have made at least one outgoing transaction. Addresses that have never sent funds remain relatively protected because their public key is not revealed on the blockchain<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The crypto community is closely monitoring announcements from tech giants like Google and IBM. Google’s Willow processor, recently unveiled, represents a significant advancement in quantum error correction. However, we are still far from the capabilities needed to concretely threaten Bitcoin.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Facing this threat, blockchain developers are already working on signature protocols resistant to quantum computers<\/strong>. Notably SPHINCS+, standardized by NIST, as well as solutions based on Euclidean lattices like CRYSTALS-Dilithium or error-correcting codes. These technologies offer theoretical resistance to quantum attacks while remaining compatible with a public blockchain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPost-Quantum Solutions Under Development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n