After three years of strict prohibition, the Central Bank of Argentina is poised to allow traditional banks to operate in the cryptocurrency market. This significant decision could revolutionize Bitcoin access for millions of Argentinians amidst rampant inflation. However, the upcoming regulatory framework sets stringent conditions that reshape the playing field.
The Banco Central de la República Argentina (BCRA) is preparing a regulatory framework allowing commercial banks to offer cryptocurrency trading and custody services, ending the ban established in May 2022. This reform marks a historic turning point for Argentina’s financial sector, long kept at bay from digital assets. However, banks will need to create completely separate units from their traditional activities, with enhanced custody systems and advanced compliance protocols.
The framework will be based on standards imposed on Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs), including KYC/AML rules and the travel rule for transaction traceability. The Comisión Nacional de Valores (CNV) has already set strict criteria regarding anti-money laundering, terrorism financing, and deposit security. Banks will likely need to go even further to guarantee liquidity and protect depositors.
Initially, the banking offering should be limited to the most established assets such as Bitcoin and major stablecoins. Exposure to volatile altcoins will most likely remain excluded to limit risks. This cautious approach aims to regulate adoption without causing systemic imbalances in a country already weakened on the monetary front.
The 2022 ban initially aimed to limit capital flight and protect the Argentine peso in a context of severe economic instability. But inflation exceeded 100% in 2023, pushing a large portion of the population to turn to Bitcoin and stablecoins as a store of value. This adoption occurred via foreign platforms and peer-to-peer markets, escaping the control of local banks.
Faced with this reality, authorities have abandoned the prohibition approach in favor of a regulatory strategy. The BCRA’s objective is now clear: regain visibility over financial flows while offering a more secure framework to savers. Banking integration enables more robust institutional custody, even though volatility-related risk remains fully present and is not covered by state guarantees.
This opening disrupts the balance of Argentina’s crypto market. Banks have a major structural advantage: a massive client base, strong institutional credibility, and proven infrastructure. Facilitated access to Bitcoin through banking channels could significantly accelerate retail adoption, but also poses a paradox by reinforcing the centralization of assets designed to be decentralized. VASPs will now have to compete on fees, innovation, and user experience to remain competitive.
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